Lambang Bulan Bintang Byzantium

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_and_crescent

The star and crescent is an iconographic symbol used in various historical contexts, including as a prominent symbol of the Ottoman Empire, with numerous modern countries still using it as a national symbol. It was developed in the Greek colony of Byzantium ca. 300 BCE, though it became more widely used as the royal emblem of Pontic king Mithradates VI Eupator after he incorporated Byzantium into his kingdom for a short period.[1] During the 5th century, it was present in coins minted by the Persian Sassanian Empire; the symbol was represented in the coins minted across the empire throughout the Middle East for more than 400 years from the 3rd century until the fall of the Sassanians after the Muslim conquest of Persia in the 7th century.[2] The conquering Muslim rulers kept the symbol in their coinage during the early years of the caliphate, as the coins were exact replicas of the Sassanian coins.

The symbol is the conjoined representation of a crescent and a star. Both elements have a long prior history in the iconography of the Ancient Near East as representing either the Sun and Moon or the Moon and Morning Star (or their divine personifications). Coins with crescent and star symbols represented separately have a longer history, with possible ties to older Mesopotamian iconography. The star, or Sun, is often shown within the arc of the crescent (also called star in crescent, or star within crescent, for disambiguation of depictions of a star and a crescent side by side).[3] In numismatics in particular, the term crescent and pellet is used in cases where the star is simplified to a single dot.[4]

The combination is found comparatively rarely in late medieval and early modern heraldry. It rose to prominence with its adoption as the flag and national symbol of the Ottoman Empire and some of its administrative divisions (eyalets and vilayets) and later in the 19th-century Westernizing tanzimat (reforms). The Ottoman flag of 1844, with a white ay-yıldız (Turkish for "crescent-star") on a red background, continues to be in use as the flag of the Republic of Turkey, with minor modifications. Other states formerly part of the Ottoman Empire also used the symbol, including Libya (1951–1969 and after 2011), Tunisia (1831) and Algeria (1958). The same symbol was used in other national flags introduced during the 20th century, including the flags of Azerbaijan (1918), Pakistan (1947), Malaysia (1948), Singapore (1959), Mauritania (1959), Uzbekistan (1991), Turkmenistan (1991) and Comoros (2001). In the later 20th century, the star and crescent have acquired a popular interpretation as a "symbol of Islam",[5] occasionally embraced by Arab nationalism or Islamism in the 1970s to 1980s but often rejected as erroneous or unfounded by Muslim commentators in more recent times.[6] Unlike the cross, which is a symbol of Jesus' crucifixion in Christianity, there is no solid link that connects the star and crescent symbol with the concept of Islam. The connotation is widely believed to have come from the flag of Ottoman Empire, which was one of the largest empires of the early modern period. Unicode introduced a "star and crescent" character in its Miscellaneous Symbols block, at U+262A (☪).

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https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2020/1 ... n?page=all

Hari ini, 1.483 tahun yang lalu, atau tepatnya pada 27 Desember 537, Hagia Sophia pembangunan ketiga selesai dibangun. Hagia Sophia adalah keajaiban arsitektur di Istanbul, Turki. Awalnya dibangun sebagai basilika Kristen hampir 1.500 tahun yang lalu. Hagia Sophia juga salah satu bagian dari Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO, memiliki sejarah panjang sejak dibangun pertama kali pada abad V

Artikel ini telah tayang di Kompas.com dengan judul "Hari Ini dalam Sejarah: Hagia Sophia Selesai Dibangun", Klik untuk baca: https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2020/1 ... n?page=all.
Penulis : Nur Fitriatus Shalihah
Editor : Sari Hardiyanto

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kubah masjid
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